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the third-stage used in Alleghany

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ballistics laboratory solid propellant

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motor which was designed for use as an

4
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advanced high-performance third stage

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for Vanguard an explosive both separated

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the third stage from the payload and

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fourth stage the able one vernier and

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spin motors were also developed for the

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Vanguard

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program the fourth stage rocket was a

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state trajectory for Abel one required a

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high degree of precision in launching

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time a period of about 20 minutes of

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each of four successive days constituted

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the permissible launch time because of

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the required timing accuracy several

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scheduled holes were incorporated into

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the countdown the countdown included

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second stage propellant loading

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electrical systems checks and the

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ordnance task first stage engine checks

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and fuelling power removal regulator

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then terminal cows and finally launched

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at seventy three and six ten seconds as

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turbo pump failed and the liquid oxygen

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comes down the experiment was an

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apparent failure but science learns from

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failure as well as success on October

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10th at 3:42 a.m. Eastern Standard Time

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the second experiment in this series

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report for able one space probe under

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the management of the National

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Aeronautics and Space Administration

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achieved a near-perfect take off just 13

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seconds later than scheduled time good

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performance was obtained from both the

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first and second stages however the

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second stage velocity was 190 feet per

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second rest and expected and it shut

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down the second stage was lofted three

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degrees - hi the third stage velocity

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was 500 feet per second less than

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desired the Millstone radar station at

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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the Manchester station as the Jodrell

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Bank radio telescope installation

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Manchester University tracks the

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payloads pioneer one for several hours

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on each day of the two days flight the

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first day the Hawaii station tracked

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from the time Pioneer one was acquired

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until it sank below the horizon on the

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second day

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Hawaii tracked the payload as it

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approached the earth and lost it as its

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funds toward the sea in the southeastern

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Pacific because of the deficiencies in

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the speed of the second and third stages

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all vernier Rockets were fired in an

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attempt to make up this velocity deficit

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the added impulse was not sufficient and

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escape velocity was not achieved the

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National Aeronautics and Space

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Administration estimated that the fourth

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stage and payload reached an altitude of

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70,000 717 statute miles an attempt was

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scheduled on December 6th to place a

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United States space probe beyond the

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moon Jupiter was selected as boost

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vehicle for this Juno to rocket which

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was to launch pioneer 3 as the army

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ballistic missile agency Huntsville

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Alabama the first stage was modified for

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and test run on the west coast in

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Pasadena California

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@n ASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory the

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second third and fourth stages were

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assembled the payload cone undergoing

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vibration testing was 23 inches long and

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several days before scheduled launch

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time the first stage was brought to the

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launching path the morning before launch

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the payload was hoisted positioned in

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few hours before launch the fuelling

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on December 6th June o2 stood ready on

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the launching pad

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after the burnout of the first stage the

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booster motors separated from the

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almost simultaneously the nose section

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was detached by an explosive charge and

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moved out of the way by a small rocket

92
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motor meanwhile Jets of the guidance

93
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system were activated to place the

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high-speed stages and the payload in

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proper firing attitude of direction a

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brief period of coasting followed now

97
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with the rocket in effect aimed at its

98
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target the spin stabilized high-speed

99
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stages commenced their firing sequence

100
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with the firing of the last stage rocket

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the probe has now achieved escape

102
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after a long period of coasting about

103
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ten hours the burned-out fourth stage is

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separated from the probe payload and a

105
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d-- spinning device consisting of

106
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weights attached to wires is activated

107
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to stop the spinning motion of the probe

108
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the probe payload will now coast on into

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space pioneer three rose to an altitude

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of sixty 3580 statute miles during 1958

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a large segment of the nation scientists

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engineers and production experts were

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drawn together and given direction

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against this background the country

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carried out a series of space

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experiments that yielded valuable data

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to the world store of scientific

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knowledge there were a number of

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failures during the year and the United

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States promptly announced them the first

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and most spectacular of these was

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Vanguard at the end of 1957 when other

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Vanguard failures all achieved takeoff

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but trouble occurred either in the

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second or third stages explorers two and

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five beacon and pioneer two were also

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considered unsuccessful experiments a

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beginning has been made of which we may

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well be proud we are however only just

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over the threshold much research

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re-evaluation and work lies ahead for us

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the United States is aware of the